You can find two types of chinquapin trees, also referred to as ‘chikapin trees,’ which are accessible commercially inside the United States, the Allegheny chinquapin as well as the Georgiana chinquapin. The Allegheny chinquapin, ‘Castanea pumila’, is considered a shrub by some; however, some researchers claim that its dwarf size does not justify its reclassification. Many old-timers remember sweet memories from their youth when baskets were filled with the spicy, sweet, nutty flavored chinquapins. These nuts were eaten fresh, roasted or baked into snack confections for any occasion. The nuts from chinquapin trees grow with only a single nut to a burr, whereas chestnuts, a close botanical relative, generate two or a lot more nuts per burr. The Allegheny chinquapin, ‘Castanea pumila,’ is widely distributed throughout the Southeastern U.S. and is cold hardy up to Zone 6 and all of the way down to Zone 9. The Allegheny chinquapin prefers to grow on a neutral, uphill soil, particularly at higher elevations. These nuts are frequently gathered by local inhabitants and are available at numerous locations at nearby markets and roadside stands.
The Georgiana chinquapin, ‘Castanea alnifolia,’ is best described as the creeping chinquapin and it readily spreads in shady thickets by means of giant underground stems that produce numerous shallow roots. These plants are found in huge colonies throughout South Georgia and generate numerous nuts in late summer and early fall with a distinct sweetness and characteristic spicy flavor that remains indelibly bonded inside the memory. The plant is very easily grown and transplanted, but is more vigorous in a shady location. The burr is about one inch in diameter, producing a brown waxy nut within the center. The Georgian chinquapin ‘Castanea alnifolia’ is cold hardy in zones 8-10, growing about 4 feet in height, slow growing but excelling in poor sandy soils which are well drained.
Luther Burbank reported in his book Trees, Volume 8, that chinquapin trees appeared to be nearly immune towards the chestnut tree blight with the American chestnut trees that, inside a 50 year period of history—beginning in 1912, practically had eliminated the American native chestnut tree. Burbank hybridized thousands of chestnut trees in an effort to renew the American chestnut forests to their former splendor. He noted that any hybrid that had successfully survived the chestnut tree blight to turn out to be a viable commercial orchard selection would undoubtedly contain the immune qualities inside the chinquapin that had been implanted into the American chinquapin tree genetic makeup.
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